Global Warming Happened by Human Activities - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 993 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2019/03/14 Category Ecology Essay Level High school Tags: Global Warming Essay Did you like this example? The oldest and thickest sea ice in the Arctic has begun to split, even in the waters of northern Greenland in the summer (Watts, 2018). People often hear the recent problem of melting ice in the Arctic and the Arctic, and polar bears are extinct. In recent years, the phenomenon of global warming has become more and more obvious. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Global Warming Happened by Human Activities" essay for you Create order The main cause of global warming is that humans have used fossil fuels in the past century and emitted a large number of greenhouse gases such as CO2, which cause global warming. There are abnormalities in the climate around the country, including the dissolution of bipolar glaciers and rising sea levels. The hazards of warming range from natural disasters to biological chain break, involving all aspects of human survival. Global warming makes climate change. Therefore, people should pay more attention to the issue of global warming and overcome the problem by reducing carbon emission. Some people believe that one person’s effort not enough. However, it must also be recognized that we all have the responsibility to save our planet. Although many people claim that it is too much work to do, one can also argue that it is very easy to turn off lights when we leave. Other also says that eating meat is part of my diet, but it is a truth that it is healthier to eat vegetables. Some people believe increasing the living space of human beings, as the temperature rises, the sub-polar regions may be more suitable for human habitation. However, rising temperatures will cause the glaciers to melt and the sea level rise, indirectly reducing the living space of polar bears, making polar bears extinct. Global warming happened by human activities, and there are many impacts by global warming. Most of the climate scientists agreed that human expansion of the greenhouse effect seemed to be the prime reason for the current global warming (Shankman Horn, 2017). According to National Geographic (n.d.), global temperature increases include changes in sea level and rainfall and snowfall in terms of volume and pattern. These changes may prompt severe weather events to be stronger and more frequent, such as floods, droughts, heat waves, hurricanes, and tornadoes. Many species have been impacted by rising temperatures. For example, researcher Bill Fraser has tracked the decline of the Adà ©lie penguins on Antarctica, where their numbers have fallen from 32,000 breeding pairs to 11,000 in 30 years. The sea level has been rising more quickly over the previous century. Hurricane will become more intense, and as the climate continues to warm, hurricane-related storm intensity and rainfall ra tes are expected to increase. Temperatures will continue to rise, and as the warming caused by humans is superimposed on the naturally changing climate, the rise in temperature throughout the country or over time is not uniform or stable (NASA, n.d.). Human beings are the prime cause of global warming, and global warming has many negative effects on people. People should reduce carbon emissions from their daily life. For example, reducing water waste is one method. Saving water can also reduce carbon pollution. Thats because pumping, heating and treating water requires a lot of energy. Therefore, try to take a shorter shower. Another method is to unplug. The outlet in your home may power approximately 65 different devices, while other electronic devices consume energy even when not charging. Eating more vegetables instead of eating meat. Consume less meat, especially beef. Food accounts for a significant part of our emissions. If you want to cut here, your best bet is to reduce your meat consumption, especially beef. This is because one pound of beef emits 18 times more than a pound of pasta. A family of four decided to cut meat intake by half and reduce emissions by about 3 tons per year (Union of Concerned Scientists, 2013). According to the Natural Resources Defense Council (2017) the US Environmental Protection Agency estimates t hat if only one in every 100 US households uses water-saving devices to renovate, it will save about 100 million kWh of electricity per year avoiding 80,000 tons of global warming pollution. The â€Å"idle load† of all American households adds up to the output of 50 large power plants in the United States. So, people do not plug a fully charged device into a socket in their home and unplug a device that they rarely use. Reducing carbon emissions can slow global warming, and people can start to reduce carbon emissions from their daily life. People can enjoy a healthful living environment if they can protect the Earth. Reduce greenhouse gas emissions and slow global warming. Reduce waste of resources and increase opportunities for next-generation use of resources. Establish a healthful, comfortable and safe living environment. Increase the life of the earth and people. Otherwise, by 2100, sea levels will increase by 1 to 4 feet. This is due to the increased amount of water that melts the land ice and seawater as it warms. In the next few decades, storm surges and climax may be combined with sea level rise and land subsidence, further increasing flooding in many areas. If we do not pay attention to the problem of global warming, the global temperature will continue to rise, accelerating the melting of glaciers, leading to sea level rise, and finally may inundate some low-lying countries (NASA, n.d.). Reducing carbon emissions, slow global warming not merely protects the planet but also beneficial to human development. People should pay more attention to the issue of global warming and reduce carbon emissions from now on. Global warming will cause glaciers to melt sea level rise, flooding countries in low-lying areas, rising temperatures, and getting worse and worse. If people reduce carbon emissions from now on, they can slow down the problem of global warming and minimize the impact of global warming on them. People should reduce water waste, consume less meat, unplug the outlet and turn off lights when they leave, etc. They should complete these from now on to save the planet.

The Financial Crisis Of 2008 - 1174 Words

During the financial crisis of 2008, the biggest Ponzi scheme in history was uncovered. It was run by Bernard Madoff and encompassed roughly $65 billion (Ferrell, 2009). Madoff first entered the investment business in 1960 when he started his own company, Madoff Securities (Ferrell, 2009). As his business grew, Madoffbegan employing some of his family members: Peter, Madoff’s brother, joined the firm and helped set it apart from the competition by introducing modern technology. Other family members to join were Madoff’s wife, Ruth; Peter’s niece, Shana; and both Madoff’s sons, Mark and Andrew (Ferrell, 2009). Madoff’sbusiness was flourishing, trading billions of dollars of investors’ money, establishing Madoff as a credible and respected figure on Wall Street. Madoff expanded his influence and reputation by serving as the chairman of NASDAQ for three years in the early 1990s (Ferrell, 2009). It is assumed that the beginning profits ofMadoffâ €™s business were legitimate earnings and not based on fraud. The Ponzi scheme is estimated to have started around 1990, in order to keep up with the high 10-12% return on investments that he promised to his clients (Ferrell, 2009). Madoff’s investors were affluent, prestigious and very intelligent and they trusted him with their money. Throughout the course of the fraud, Madoff was investigated numerous times by the SEC, without any findings or actions taken. There were many individuals who suspected Madoff was running a Ponzi scheme, theShow MoreRelatedThe Financial Crisis Of 20081384 Words   |  6 PagesThe turmoil in the financial markets also known as the financial crisis of 2008 was considered the worst financial crisis since the Great Depression. Many areas of the United States suffered. The housing market plummeted and as a result of that, many evictions occurred, as well as foreclosures and unemployment. Leading up to the financial crash, most of the money that was made by investors was based on people speculating on investments like real estate, stocks, debt buying, and complex investmentRead MoreThe Financial Crisis Of 20081747 Words   |  7 PagesThe economic crisis of 2008 was one for the ages, it changed the world of investing forever. That year, the stock market crashed, bank failures and the infamous wall street bailout that can all be traced back to the subprime mortgage crisis.. The 2008 economic crisis rocked the global economy for the worst, and to this day the United States is trying to recover from the impact that the crisis had. In order to understand why exactly the banks failed people have to understand the subprime mortgageRead MoreThe Financial Crisis Of 20081817 Words   |  8 PagesThe financial crisis of 2008 did not arise by chance. The meltdown was precipitated by systematic striping away of the New Deal era policies of bank regulation. Most notable of these deregulatory acts was that of the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act of 1999. This bill repealed the legislation which held commercial banks and investment banks separate. As the beginning of the 21 century approached many bankers clamored for an end to the policy of the â€Å"firewall† between Investment and commercial banks. Gramm-Leach-BlileyRead MoreFinancial Crisis 20085972 Words   |  24 PagesCORPORATE FINANCE THE GLOBAL FINANCIAL CRISIS 2008 Group’s member:Nguyá »â€¦n NhÆ ° Nam (C)Phan Thu AnNguyá »â€¦n Thà ¹y DungHoà  ng Bà ¡ SÆ ¡nNgà ´ Thá »â€¹ à nh Tuyá º ¿tDate: 28/11/2014 | AbstractIn 2008 the world was fell into the worst financial crisis since the Great Depression of 1929-1933. Although this crisis has gone, however, its consequences for the economy of many countries is very serious, even now many nations are still struggling to escape difficulty. Just in a short period, the crisis originating from AmericaRead MoreThe Financial Crisis Of 2008 Essay2044 Words   |  9 PagesThe 2008 financial meltdown resulted in the most treacherous investment landscape observed since the great depression. The most notorious issue was the subprime mortgage crisis, which had a ripple effect felt through every market in the world. The banks, whose leverage rate should never have been higher than two times capitalization, surged as high as thirty to forty times market cap. With this level of exposure, any unforeseen market fluctuations could mean disaster. Lehman Brothers, the oldestRead MoreThe Financial Crisis Of 20081125 Words   |  5 PagesA mortgage meltdown and financial crisis of unbelievable magnitude was brewing and very few people, including politicians, the media, and the poor unsuspecting mortgage borrowers anticipated the ramifications that were about to occur. The financial crisis of 2008 was the worst financial crisis since the Great Depression; ultimately coalescing into the largest bankruptcies in world history--approximately 30 million people lost their jobs, trillions of dollars in wealth diminished, and millions ofRead MoreThe Financial Crisis Of 20081689 Words   |  7 PagesOur society seems to doing well since the financial crisis of 2008. The country is recovering from the Great Recession, unemployment is down and the global domestic product is up. People have jobs and are paying taxes. President Obama lowered our budget deficit and promised to make healthcare more available to all. On average, America is well on its way to recovery. But what about the people that slipped through the cracks of the financial stimulus pl an? These are the people that lost their jobsRead MoreThe Financial Crisis Of 2008 Essay2553 Words   |  11 PagesWhen you think of the 2008 financial crisis that affected not just the US economy, but the world as a whole, most average middle-class Americans won’t really know what triggered this economic disaster. Most will probably blame, and rightfully so, those large corporations on Wall Street. These corporations, which deal with insanely large amounts of money, will always be wary of their stocks decreasing. But they also know that 99% of the time, everything will go back to normal in the future. What theyRead MoreThe Financial Crisis Of 20082083 Words   |  9 PagesEver since the economic virus called â€Å"negative interest rates† scattered over European and later Japanese banks, our economic system has been the most unstable since the financial crisis of 2008. The virus, negative interest rates, is a concept in which the central bank charges interest in bor rowing money and holding an account. It was brought forth in efforts to increase economic growth by giving commercial banks a tax on the large amount of reserves they hold in the bank. In other words, commercialRead MoreFinancial Crisis of 20081794 Words   |  8 PagesThe Financial Crisis of 2008 was the worst financial crisis since the Great Depression, however a lot of American’s want tougher law of be enforced against executives and companies they think started the mess (Jost/Misconduct). Civil charges have been brought up against major banks for misleading investors, but a federal judge rejected a proposed settlement saying it was too lenient (Jost/Misconduct). The flood of subprime mortgages roiling the housing market in the U.S. is also causing the worldwide

Human resource TOPIC Discuss the extent it would be worthwhile

Essays on Human resource TOPIC: Discuss the extent it would be worthwhile performing job analysis on complex and senior job roles Outline Job analysis on complex and senior job roles al affiliation Job analysis on complex and senior job roles This essay shall aim at giving the definition of job analysis and the importance of conducting job analysis on complex and senior job roles. According to Pynes (2008) job analysis is the practice whereby job descriptions as well as the requirements of a particular job are put into perspective. To conduct successful job analysis, it is vital that data on various jobs are collected and analyzed. Analysis of leadership capacity among senior officials has indicated to be an uphill task for many officials in the organizations. It is in light to this argument that, a myriad of assessment tools have been devised over the years. The introduction of the essay shall commence with a debate on the importance of carrying out job analysis in the workplace. In this case, it is vital that prior to carrying out job analysis, companies must always guarantee that prior to recruiting employees, definition and articulation of job requirements is properly done. Focus shall also be shifted on ensuring that, the parties concerned with hiring are keen to ensure that the organization is in a much better position to establish if the new executives are well informed on their tasks as employees. The introduction shall also confer whether the work of executives is really quantifiable. The body of the essay revolves around questions of whether job analysis of senior positions is really worth and applicable to the contemporary workplaces. The purposes of job analysis will also be discussed which are inclusive of the fact that job analysis is vital for making decisions regarding the training needs of the employees. This can be done through coming up contents that need to be assessed and what methodologies can be applied to come up with the best forms of training in the organizations. In this case, the employers are also able to devise the equipment that would allow for effective training in the workplace. Secondly, job analysis is a good basis on which compensation of employees would be possible in the workplace, through description of what would happen in the case of deviating from the job responsibilities or exposure to hazards in the workplace. Additionally, job analysis is useful for selecting specific roles an individual should perform, the salary levels, evaluate the employees as well as devise the best evaluation strategies. Finally, job analysis is useful for identification of the objectives of the job, setting the evaluation criteria, and what aspects should evaluated, so as to assess if the employees are on the right track. This concept shall be linked to organizations that are keen to assess the performance of its employees and weigh if the employees are fit enough for their jobs. The leaders are also assessed on their ability to lead their organizations and impart a change on the existing systems. This is only possible through job analysis of the employees selected for the senior positions in then organization. Secondly, the body of the essay shall draw attention to the concept of job analysis by focusing on the probability to quantify the kind of jobs in an organization. This is to mean that, there is a possibility that evaluation on top jobs can only be done through job analysis. Focus on the developments that have taken place in the field and the benefits of job analysis, will also be scrutinized. However, in as many developments have occurred through job analysis, it is imperative that employees follow strictly the aspects of job analysis, not on the employees but the jobs. Job analysis can only be possible if the entire system is designed in such a way that it is good enough to provide applicable outcomes a good portion of the time. Werner, Schuler Jackson (2011, pp.151) indicate that massive changes have been indicated in terms of job analysis through an expansion of the field of psychological and attitudinal testing. In this line to this argument, the body shall endeavor to highlight the strengths of job analysis. With time, Human resource managers seem to embrace a philosophy that every worker can be assessed and that every job can be quantified. Many companies embraced the assessment of employees at the highest levels, promoting the idea that executives should not be subject to such demeaning treatment (Kossen Drafke, 2002). This means that it would not be worthwhile performing job analysis on complex and senior job roles. However, the question of how human resource persons measure, what they could not see, define, or even articulate is of great concern. Lastly, the body shall focus on the viability of human resource tools in measuring senior level capacity, such as questionnaires and interviews on employees. Accuracy cannot be jeopardized in the case of job analysis, and as Zaccaro, et al. (2006, pp. 140) indicates, selection of the analysis of jobs must be based on well thought- of ideas and that the executive leaders cannot be assessed on the confines of job analysis of a particular measure, as the entire concept is too broad. On a brief overview, job analysis can only be possible through imposition of an objective means of assessment. In as much job analysis has been linked with the ability to assess senior and complex roles of senior officials, all the niches must be filled to come up with the best assessment model. The conclusion shall be based on the fact that it is important that the human resource officials come up with the best model for job analysis, as the current systems are associated with a lot of errors. This is backed up with the comprehensive research done regarding the topic. Job analysis of the senior role in an organization is beneficial (Hogan Kaiser, 2008, pp.22). This is for the reason that, selection of the best candidates is done with minimal errors and favoritism. References Hogan, R., Kaiser, R. B. (2008) Learning a lesson in executive selection. Leadership in Action, 27, 22-24. Kossen, S. Drafke, M. (2002). The human side of organizations. New York: Prentice Hall. Pynes, J. (2008). Human resources management for public and nonprofit organizations: a strategic approach. New York: John Wiley Sons. Werner, S., Schuler, R. Jackson, S. (2011) Managing Human Resources. London: Cengage Learning. Zagorsek, H., Stough, S. J., Jaklic, M. (2006) Analysis of the reliability of the leadership practices inventory in the item response theory framework. International Journal of Selection and Assessment, 14, 180-191.

Gender Roles Have A Change Over Time - 1318 Words

Throughout history, gender roles have been the foundation that determines the course of a civilization. These gender roles have undergone a change over time. It is important for every society to re-evaluate its preconceived ideas of gender and determine if that is still the norm for their society. When people think of gender roles we typically have set stereotypes in our head of what that means. Much of the time, what we believe, is not what is actually true. It is often argued what is right and what is wrong. The gender of a person is the masculine or feminine attributes of that individual with respect to the psychological and biological role in society. (Magar, 2009) A gender role can be defined as the way that a person lives in society with respect to its lifestyle. It can be argued that over time the major differences between men and women’s gender roles have faded. In the past traditional roles have been based in their society by their biological orientation. (Magar, 2009) Gender roles can also be described as the behavior and attitudes that are expected of men and women in a society. (Faqs.org, 2011) Although different cultures impose different expectations, many cultures have the same basic gender roles. By the time we are 15 months old, we can already begin to establish gender behavior ourselves. (Gender Roles and Gender Differences. n.d.) This is an early and very important developmental time in our lives. What happens can mean a lot to how we perceive the worldShow MoreRelatedDoes Gender Role Norms Affect Behavior?1698 Words   |  7 PagesIn early childhood, children have already developed clearly defined ideas of what constitutes appropriate behavior for men and women (Blackmore, 2003; Mahalik et al., 2005). These ideas, called â€Å"gender role norms,† affect the way people believe they are supposed to act, think, and even feel depending on their sex (Mahalik et al., 2005). These norms can be learned through simple observation, such as how children of different sexes act in television commercials and what behaviors are reinforced byRead MoreGender Roles And Expectations Of Men And Women1009 Words   |  5 Pageshas been a trend of shift in roles and expectations of men and women. The shift was dynamic in the latter half of the twentieth century. World had been made a great stride in acquiring and adapting to the new definition of gender roles. These changes can be seen in the fields of education, media, economics as well as many other things. The reason for the change is a rapid increase in the number of women at workplaces-worldwide. Unlikely, this wave of change is not limited to developingRead MoreGender Equality1474 Words   |  6 PagesGender Equality Women have faced major discrimination when it comes to work and sometimes in education. Women decades ago had a wide range of opportunities denied to them due to their sex. Women have always been looked upon as the weaker sex and men as stronger and as the rulers. Women years ago were not seen as individuals, they were basically their husband’s slaves. Women were the ones to stay home, make dinner for their cranky and tired husband, look after their children, clean the house andRead MoreGender Roles in Vietnam761 Words   |  4 PagesChange, continuity and gender roles in Vietnam In detail, discuss how the gender roles of women and men in Vietnam have changed and continued over time and the causes of these changes. In addition outline how these changing gender roles have affected the status of both men and women in Vietnam. Vietnam is a country where gender roles are undergoing vast changes, especially the women’s status in the public spheres, which includes their educational attainment, earnings, occupational status, jobRead MoreGender Inequality Essay1121 Words   |  5 PagesGender Inequality In The Home Remains An Issue In Family Life. Gender inqualities often stem from social structures that have instiutionalized conceptions of gender differences. Gender inequality has been around for centuries. In many family homes, their lives evolve around gender roles. The responibilties in the family are allocated to their sex (gender). There are certain tasks which are usually allocated to males and females. Some see this division as biologolical differences between theRead MoreGender Roles Of The Indian Society1344 Words   |  6 Pagesus. In this process, families are introduced to certain roles that are characteristically connected to their birth sex. The term gender role refers to society s concept of how men and women are projected to behave. These roles are typically founded on customs or standards, fashioned and often enforced by society. In many cultures such as in the United States, male roles are usually related with power, and governance, while female roles are usually associated with passivity, fostering, and subordinationRead MoreThe Confusion Of Today s Culture1246 Words   |  5 PagesThe confusion in today’s c ulture about â€Å"roles† in marriage compels us to understand what unique responsibilities various cultures assign to a wife. With this, many cultures place a special emphasis on the headship granted to the husband and the role of subordination belonging to the wife. In various places, men have authority over their wives, in law and in practice. Modern values such as gender equality may be at odds with some traditions, one example being a traditional jewish marriage, which isRead MoreFor The Majority Of People, It Is Understood Before High1032 Words   |  5 Pagesunderstood before high school what the difference between sex and gender is. Sex refers to the biological differences at birth amongst males and females, but in today’s society the definition of gender is not so black and white. While the dictionary still incorrectly defines gender as, â€Å"the properties that distinguish organisms on the basis of their reproductive roles† the current meaning and pr oper definition of the word gender has evolved (†Gender†). Breaking free from the constraints placed by society andRead MoreGender Roles Of Women And Women1662 Words   |  7 Pages Gender Roles â€Å"Gender is the costume, a mask, a straightjacket in which men and women dance their unequal dance† (Kearl). Throughout history, women have been treated with unequal and unjust standards in comparison to their male counterparts. This paper will discuss gender roles in society and the stereotypes placed on men and women. As well as gender role development and the different influences that lead to these roles and stereotypes. Also, it will outline the history and progress of women’sRead MoreInterpreting Gender Roles, By Jeffrey Eugenides Essay1254 Words   |  6 PagesInterpreting Gender Roles The concept of gender roles is a system that has been created and enforced by tradition. Society has discovered a way to categorize and condemn those who do not fit or pertain to the characteristics of their gender. In Middlesex, a novel written by Jeffrey Eugenides, characters dilute the idea of being predisposed to gender roles by challenging them and generating the idea of â€Å"loosely defined† gender superiority in the era of the American Revolution. The American Revolution

Walmart Company Free Essays

Walmart Financial Analysis Prepared for Becca Leland BIJSN 5600, Accounting Theory and Practice Fall 1, 2013 Webster University 1 November 2013 Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. operates approximately 11,047 retail units under 69 banners in 27 countries. It has three segments: The Wal-Mart Stores, The Sam’s Club, and International. We will write a custom essay sample on Walmart Company or any similar topic only for you Order Now The Wal-Mart Stores segment includes 4,759 Discount Stores, Supercenters, and Neighborhood Markets in the United States, as well as Walmart. om. It offers apparel for women, girls, men, boys, and infants; domestics, fabrics, and notions; stationery and books; shoes; housewares; hardware; electronics; ome furnishings; small appliances; automotive accessories; horticulture and accessories; sporting goods; toys; pet food and accessories; cameras and supplies; health and beauty aids; pharmaceuticals; Jewelry; and optical, as well as photo processing services. The Neighborhood Markets include dry grocery, meat, produce, deli, bakery, dairy, frozen foods, pharmaceuticals, photo processing, health and beauty aids, household chemicals, paper goods, general merchandise, and pet supplies departments. The Sam’s Club segment includes 624 stores and comprises the warehouse membership clubs in the United States and samsclub. om. It offers hard-goods, soft-goods, software, electronics, Jewelry, sporting goods, toys, tires, stationery and books, institutional-size grocery items, and selected private labels. The International segment operates 6,288 various retail formats in countries to include Argentina, Brazil, Canada, Germany, Mexico, Puerto Rico, South Korea, and the United Kingdom. This segment operated 261 Canadian Wal-Mart stores and SAM’s Clubs, 11 units in Argentina, 150 units in Brazil, 88 units in Germany, 16 units in South Korea, 697 units in Mexico, 54 units in Puerto Rico, and 292 units in the United Kingdom, as well as 48 units in China under Joint venture agreements. The company was incorporated in 1969 and is based in Bentonville, Arkansas. Walmart employs 2. 2 million associates/employees around the world to include 1. million in the United States alone. Although there are many opportunities, numerous employment opportunities exist in the Accounting arena. Walmart has Finance and Accounting departments impacting business and communities in all 27 countries, under 69 different banners and in every corner of the business, from Enterprise Risk Management to Sustaina bility. For instance, Global Shared Services aggregates and streamlines much of the financial and payroll services for Sam’s Club and Walmart in North America, while Global Internal Audit helps ensure each store operates in the most cost-efficient way. These are Just a few of the many groups within Accounting Finance, each responsible for vital services that impact the entire company. Projects range from determining the financial impact of mergers and acquisitions to estimating the effect on business when a hurricane hits. Every decision is driven by the mission to save people money and help them live better. The responsibility xtends beyond retail and corporate officials make decisions in partnership with each other. Accounting Finance is composed of these departments: Accounting, Corporate Corporate Tax (International Domestic) Treasury Investor Relations Finance and Planning Walmart U. S. , Walmart. com International Finance Sam’s Finance Corporate Strategy Global Shared Services Balance Sheet Assets: Cash and Cash Equivalents – Pertain to liquid assets found on the balance sheet. In essence, cash equivalents can be converted into cash and include commercial paper, treasury bill, money market holdings and short term government bonds. Walmart reported nearly $7. billion in cash and cash equivalents for fiscal year ending January 31, 2013. Of the $7. 8 billion, surprisingly, $5. 2 billion were held outside of the United States in support of foreign operations. All non-cash transactions due from various banks amounted to $1. 3 billion. Additionally, Walmart had $715 million in restricted cash in addition to another $876 million of cash that remains abroad and may not be easily tra nsferred to the United States because of local laws. Short Term Investments – Walmart did not report any Short term investments and have not or the previous three years. Receivables – Money that others owe the company. Account receivables are the amounts that a company has a right to collect because it sold goods or services on credit to a customer. Walmart had a variety of receivables for year ending January 31 , 2013 that included insurance companies resulting from pharmacy sales, bank transfers that took in excess of seven days to process, suppliers for marketing or incentive programs and real estate transactions. Its net receivables amounted to nearly $6. 8 billion that included $1. 2 billion from consumer credit roducts alone. Just to name a few, Walmart has the Walmart in-store credit card, Walmart Discover, Sam’s Club in-store credit card and the Sam’s Club Discover card. Internal Controls – designed to help an organization accomplish specific goals and mostly importantly, in laymen’s terms, â€Å"keep everyone honest † . Walmart used t criteria set forth by â€Å"COSO† Internal Control Integrated Framework. This framework primarily evaluates the achievements of objectives in the effectiveness and efficiency of operations, reliability of financial reporting and compliance with laws and regulations. For the year ending January 31, 2013, Walmart’s financial reporting was audited by Ernst and Young LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm. Sarbanes-Oxley Act – In July 2002, a corporate reform bill was passed into United States Federal law by the U. S. Senate and the U. S. House of Representatives. This legislation introduced new and amended ethical standards regarding financial practice and corporate governance for all publicly traded U. S. companies, as well as for management and accounting organizations. U. S. Senator Paul Sarbanes and U. S. Representative Michael G. Oxley spearheaded the Sarbanes-Oxley (SOX) Act. Just three years, after the bill was passed, in September 2005, a former CEO from Wal- Mart de Mexico sent an email to a high ranking Walmart lawyer that referenced how Wal-Mart de Mexico had bribed foreign officials to expedite permits in an effort to win market control in Mexico. This opened up a formal internal investigation by Walmart that found documentation implicating that the Wal-Mart de Mexico executives knew about the bribes and took measures to conceal them as well. The case was later dismissed. In August 2012, SOX violations resurfaced with Walmart. This time, two U. S. congressmen claimed that they received internal documentation that outlined possible illegal activities that involved tax evasion and money laundering in Mexico. Their concerns were expressed in a letter to Michael Duke, the chief executive at Wal-Mart. Inventory Valuation – Walmart values inventories at the lower of cost or market as determined primarily by the retail method of accounting, using the last-in, first-out, â€Å"LIFO†, method for all of the Walmart U. S. segments. Walmart international is valued by the retail method of accounting as well but by using the first-in, first-out, â€Å"FIFO†, method. In contrast, Sam’s Club uses the weighted- average cost using the LIFO method. Total Current Assets for year ending January 31, 2013 were $59. 9 billion. Long Term Investments – Walmart did not report any long term investments and have not for the previous three years. Property, Plant and Equipment – A large portion of Walmart’s assets come from the property, plant and equipment section of the balance sheet. In fact, of the $203 billion in total assets, property, plant and equipment makes up Just over $116 billion which includes $25 billion in land, $90 billion in buildings and improvements, $40 billion in fixtures and quipment, $2 billion in transportation equipment, $5. 9 billion in construction in process and $5. 9 billion in property under capital leases for an approximate property and equipment gross of $171 billion. Walmart uses straight-line depreciation and major improvements were capitalized as leasehold improvements were depreciated over the shorter of the estimated useful life. Accumulated depreciation and amortization was $55 billion dollars which resulted in a property and equipment net of $116. 6 billion. Intangible Assets / Accumulated Amortization – Walmart did not report any and have not for the previous three years. Goodwill – An account that can be found in the assets portion of a company’s balance sheet. Goodwill can often arise when one company is purchased by another company. Walmart’s goodwill is as a result of the acquisition of 147 Netto stores from Dansk Supermarket in the United Kingdom and to the acquisition ot a 5 % ownership in Massmart, a retailer based in South Africa. Goodwill for this period was $20 billion. Balance Sheet – Liabilities and Equity: Accounts Payable – money owed by a business to its suppliers shown as a liability on a company’s balance sheet. At year ending January 31, 2013, Walmart owed Just over 59 billion to its suppliers that are to be paid compared to $56 billion the previous year. Short current long term debt – this includes the long term debt that must be paid within 12 months. Walmart recorded Just over $12 billion. Total Current Liabilities – Year ending January 31, 2013 = $71. billion Long Term Debt – Financial obligations that last more than one year. Walmart recorded around $41 billion. This accounts for loans that Walmart has with several financial institutions. Deferred Long Term Liability Charges – a collection of future obligations on the balance sheet. These sometimes include employee related expenses such as retirement plans, 401 k plans and workman’s compens ation plans is which Walmart currently has Just over $7. 6 billion. Minority Interest – This represents the amount of stock that is not owned by Walmart. Currently, Just over $5 billion is not owned by Walmart. Common Stock – Walmart primarily issues common stock that represents ownership in the corporation. Currently, there is neither preferred or treasury stock, however for year ending January 31, 2013, there $332 million of stock was outstanding. Current Market Value of Stock – The current market value of Walmart’s stock is currently $74. 79. Through the last 12 months, the trend has been from $67. 37 – $79. 96 which is primarily because of fluctuating sales/wages. Walmart’s stock value has continued to grow over the last 12 months that can be easily contributed to its ability to remain a constant force in the market by providing lower prices, creating Jobs with competitive wages and clearly out-distancing itself from its closest competitor. Dividends – As noted below, Walmart last paid a dividend on September 3, 2013 with the next pay out date of January 2, 2014. Record Date Payable Date March 12, 2013 May 10, 2013 August 9, 2013 December 6, 2013 April 1, 2013 June 3, 2013 September 3, 2013 January 2, 2014 The last dividend paid for year ending January 31, 2013 was paid on December 27, 2012 at $0. 975 per share for a total of $1 1. 3 billion. Income Statement Comparison – Walmart’s income improved from fiscal year 2012 to fiscal year 2013. Wal-Mart Stores Inc. was been able to grow revenues from $447. 08 USD to $469. 28 USD. Most impressively, the company has been able to reduce the percentage of sales devoted to se lling, general and administrative costs from 19. 8% to 18. 94%. This was a driver that led to a bottom line growth from $1 5. 7B USD to $17. 0B USD. Extraordinary gains/losses – Perhaps the most important factor that caused Walmart to increase its profits from 2012 to 2013 was its Non-recurring events. In 2012 alone, Walmart discontinued operations which caused them a loss in excess of $67 million. To its surprise, there was not a lost in year ending January 31, 2013. According to the Management Discussion and Analysis, the present situation it is very much essential that industries need to compare themselves witn the past ears. Analysis of performance ensures the industry get an idea as where they are lagging behind and the short falls which has to be rectified. Walmart has to make progress in improving their performances in the future in order to withstand in the market so that they can compete with the upcoming competitions in the future. Additionally, it has to mainly concentrate to increase the profit rather than increasing the volume of business, so they have to increase their sales and satisfy their customer to withstand in the market. In an attempt to analyze the financial position f the Walmart, it has been revealed that though the turnover of the company increased however the profitability of the company has not increased correspondingly. Overall financial position of the company is satisfactory but however in the long run the company has to take measures to increase its working results in order to keep stay well above its competitors. Financial Statement Analysis: Solvency: Debt to Equity Ratio The company has improved its strength by increasing the working funds. The company should explore the possibility of reducing the operating expenses to increase its profit. Walmart should also take urgent steps to reduce the debtors so as to increase its working capital position. The company should also take steps to reduce the current liabilities and the overall liabilities position. Profitability: It should take steps to increase its working capital base. The company should take steps to make use of the surplus funds in a profitable manner. Efforts must be put in increasing net profit. It is necessary to take steps in improving the growth rating. Competition – Perhaps Walmart’s greatest competitor is target. However, Walmart ontinues to prove itself as the world’s leading retailer. In comparison to Target, its market cap was at $243. 8 billion while target was at $40. 04 billion. Additionally, Walmart dominated Target in revenue as well. Walmart’s revenue was $473billion while Target earned Just $73. 48 billion which generated a net income of $17. 09 billion for Walmart and $2. 71 billion for Target. In conclusion, Walmart continues to be the leading retailer in the industry. It clearly out-distances its closest competitor, howev er, in order to remain that force, it need to reduce its liabilities. It currently wes suppliers $59 billion. This needs to be reduced significantly. https://finance.yahoo.com/ https://www.stock-analysis-on.net/NYSE/Company/Wal-Mart-Stores-Inc https://www.stock-analysis-on.net/NYSE/Company/Wal-Mart-Stores-Inc/Ratios/Profitability https://www.stock-analysis-on.net/NYSE/Company/Wal-Mart-Stores-Inc/Ratios/Liquidity https://s2.q4cdn.com/056532643/files/doc_financials/2013/Annual/2013-annual-report-for-walmart-stores-inc_130221024708579502.pdf http://c46b2bcc0db5865f5a76-91c2ff8eba65983a1c33d367b8503d02.r78.cf2.rackcdn.com/93/a7/ff21a9764702bb5bc8271faacfeb/2012-annual-report-for-walmart-stores-inc_130221023846998881.pdf How to cite Walmart Company, Papers

Leadership Qualities And Theories Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Leadership Qualities And Theories. Answer: Introduction Leadership is the way one person supervises and co-ordinates with a group of people to help them accomplish a certain task. Leaders are able to create a supportive environment among group members and motivate them to accomplish goals of the organization (Avolio and Yammarino 2013). The effectiveness of leadership can be measured from outcomes that are desirable like productivity, quality and satisfaction. Leadership is a partnership between the leader and the members of the group. The partnership between the leaders and the group members is balanced when participative decision making is followed. Leaders should focus on building relationships with the group members. Leadership requires sharing of responsibilities between the leader and group members (Bauman 2013). Leadership is positively related to the performance of an organization. Studies have shown that 15-45 % of organizational performance depends on the leaders in an organization. Leaders have important role in decision making . Socrates argued 2500 years ago that leadership is always situational and a leader has qualities and professional competence that is not transferable. But there is another side of the coin: there are certain generic characteristics of leadership which leaders have in common, for instance, a good business leader can also be a good military commander (Bolman and Deal 2017). About Leadership And Theories Related To It Leaders have multiple roles to play. They play the role of a negotiator, coach and motivator, entrepreneur, strategic planner and many more. The effectives of leadership can be measured by characteristics of group members, Characteristics and Traits of leader, behavior and style of leader and internal and external environment (Klenke 2016).The characteristics that can be associated with leadership are Emotional Intelligence and Personality Traits, Cognitive Factors and Intelligence and Leadership Motives and Needs (Northouse 2015)The various motives and needs of leaders are that of Power, sense of achievement, Resilience and Tenacity and Strong work ethic. Both heredity and external environmental factors affect leadership. Leadership styles are the different ways in which a leader influences his followers. There are different leadership styles like the classical autocratic approach and the modern creative, participative approach (Odom 2015).Every leader follows a different way of lea ding and influencing people. The major styles of leadership include autocratic, democratic, transactional, transformational, charismatic and cross-cultural leadership (Bargau 2015). In Autocratic leadership, leaders make the major decisions and formulate the policies, guidelines and procedures and simply communicate the same to the subordinates. The medium of communication is downward and subordinates need to abide by the strict procedures and rules set by the leaders. In democratic leadership style, subordinates are involved in making decisions. This democratic leaders delegate responsibilities to the subordinates and the communication system is both upward and downward (Waqar 2012). Transformational leadership is a unique form of leadership and is all about initiating changes in the organization and groups. The transformation leaders set challenging expectations in front of the subordinates and help them accomplish more than they ever imagined. In Transactional Leadership, the expectations are communicated well to the subordinates, immediate feedback is given and the subordinates are rewarded for their achievements. Charismatic Leaders use their revolutionary power to transform the values and beliefs of the followers (Van Wart 2013). Set Of Questionnaires In order to understand my leadership type, there were a set of questionnaires that was completed in the class. What makes a great leader in 21st century TED talk video was watched and following questions are answered- What is leadership? What leaders do and how they do it? A buddy was found and two questions were discussed- My readiness for a role of leadership and why? What are they key capabilities I have and what are the capabilities that I need to develop? The questionnaires have made me understood the role of leadership in 21st century. In modern days organizations follow a flexible structure with less hierarchy. So, participative leadership styles are encouraged in the organization. I have understood that my key capabilities of leadership are my ability to influence people, act as a coach and motivator, and I demonstrate qualities of a transformational and charismatic leader. The areas I need to develop is delegating responsibilities and exerting control on people. Activities That I Have Undertaken The first activity is about the leadership roles of HR leader in a large corporation. A suspicious package was found in the canteen which was informed by the police. This is a group activity and three actions were developed for each of the roles of leadership. The second activity is about finding out ten things that I personally find satisfying about leadership and the 10 things that I find frustrating about leadership. The third activity is about the type of followers. The followers can be classifies on basis of their engagement level into 5 categories like isolates, bystanders, participants, activists and diehards. It was identified what type of follower I was in class. The fourth activity is about undertaking Leadership Self-Assessment Quiz and Leadership Skill Building Exercise. The fifth activity is about self-reflection journal and the 16PF personality Test. In a group of three or four, implications of results of this personality test on leadership is discussed. The fifth activity is about the orchestra conductor who faces the challenge of leadership of creating harmony without articulating. The sixth activity is about leadership motives. Power, Drive and Achievement, Tenacity and Resilience and work ethic is ranked from 1 to 4 on basis of my aspirations of leadership. I have turned to the next person and explained them my reason of doing so. The seventh activity is about Gender and Leadership. This is a group activity. The article is read and it is discussed how leadership is influenced by gender. The eighth activity is about a reflection of journal. Three questions are answered .What have I learnt about leadership? What has surprised me? How could these learning be applied in workplace? These activities have helped me to understand that hereditary and external influence affect leadership styles. My primary motives of leadership are drive for achievement and work ethic. I am an individual who is self-driven and I believe in maintaining ethics and integrity at workplace. I feel that my type of followers I was is participants. From these activities, I have found out that leadership is about building relationships and motivating the group members. In modern days to be a good leader, I have to demonstrate charismatic qualities and my decisions as a leader will influence the performance of my workplace. The class activities have made me understand that leadership cant be imposed and it is not easy to gain followers. Followers can revolt if they are not satisfied with their leader. The activities have made me realize that I can play the role of a figurehead, coach and motivator and a good team builder as a leader. From this activity, I personally feel that leadership is no t influenced by gender. Though there are examples of women who are great leaders in 21st century in multi-national corporations across the globe, I feel that gender bias do not impact leadership. My Type Of Leadership My type of leadership would be transformational and charismatic leadership. My personality traits of warmth and liveliness will help me to demonstrate the qualities of a charismatic leader. As a Transformational leader, I can create a sense of empowerment among my team members and I can have a huge base of followers. I can encourage entrepreneurial and innovative mindsets among people. From the class activities and questionnaires, I have found out that I can motivate people to achieve more than they actually thought they could achieve. As a transformational leader, I will follow an open model of communication and I will communicate the goals and requirements of a particular task among my team members. It is essential that team members are well aware of the challenges of a task and as a leader, I have the capabilities to support them to overcome the challenges and hurdles of the organizational goals and tasks and motivate my team members to undertake challenging tasks. It is of paramo unt importance to create a sense of empowerment among team members and ensure that they are motivated intrinsically and are self-driven. The charismatic leader transforms the underlying normative orientation that structures specific attitudes. Thus charismatic leadership is not only a sheer behavioral modification but this form of leadership manifests into an internal change within the subordinates. As a charismatic leader, I can be a change agent in an organization. Changes are difficult to embrace, so as a leader I will clearly communicate the changes among my group members. The members of a group might demonstrate resistance to changes. As a leader, it is important for me to communicate to the group members the beneficial effects of changes. I have the ability to work in a competitive environment and I am flexible which will enable me to play the role of a charismatic leader. My ability to create a supportive work environment and my role as a influencer can help me change my group members internally. As my prime motive of leadership is sense of achievement and work ethics, I will be able to create a work environmen t where goals will be achieved and every member of my group will be encouraged to strict to work ethics and integrity. Areas That I Need To Develop The areas that I need to develop are my ability to exert control over group members. Leaders do need to direct the members of the group and set goals for them to increase the performance of group members. I should improve my ability to delegate responsibilities among groups. I should work on my abilities to solve a problem and upgrade my technical skills. My non-technical skills alike verbal and written communication and management skills are great but I do need to work on my technical skills as upgrading the technical skills is mandatory to be a good leader in a competitive work environment. Also leaders often need to negotiate with team members or external stakeholders of an organization. I need to improve on my negotiation skills in order to be effective as a good leader .It is of prime importance as a leader to negotiate with members of society and government to protect the interests of internal stakeholder of a company. I would also like to build up my communication skill by und ertaking more language courses. In the global environment, organizations perform in a cross-cultural environment. Thus to be a leader in the fast paced competitive global environment, I must be an effective communicator. Learning multiple languages will enable me to play leadership roles in global multi-cultural work environment. I should also be able to remove stereotypes based on culture and language. Developing tolerance for every culture will enable me to be an effective leader in the global work environment. I should be able to demonstrate leadership qualities in a cross-cultural group. Conclusion I can conclude from the self-reflective essay that I demonstrate the qualities of a supportive leader. Charismatic and transformational leadership are my leadership styles. As a leader, I prefer to follow participative decision making by carefully drawing inference from the viewpoint of group members. I strongly feel that hierarchical structure cant be effective in increasing workplace productivity. So in my leadership style, I prefer to implement a flexible work structure that will foster innovation and creativity among my group members. It is of prime importance to follow an open communication model which involves both forward and backward communication to be an effective leader. I have demonstrated qualities of a good communicator in the group activities that were undertaken in the class. I have also understood that I can act as a good change agent in an organization by encouraging people to embrace changes. However, I would like to work on and improve certain arenas to be an effe ctive leader. This would include my ability to learn multiple languages so that I can demonstrate effective leadership in a multi-cultural work environment. This would also require my ability to develop cultural tolerance and remove stereotypes which will enable me to be an effective leader in a cross-cultural team. References Avolio, B.J. and Yammarino, F.J. eds., 2013. Introduction to, and overview of, transformational and charismatic leadership. InTransformational and Charismatic Leadership: The Road Ahead 10th Anniversary Edition(pp. xxvii-xxxiii). Emerald Group Publishing Limited. Bargau, M.A., 2015. Leadership versus management.Romanian Economic and Business Review,10(2), p.197. Bauman, D.C., 2013. Leadership and the three faces of integrity.The Leadership Quarterly,24(3), pp.414-426. Bolman, L.G. and Deal, T.E., 2017.Reframing organizations: Artistry, choice, and leadership. John Wiley Sons. Klenke, K. ed., 2016.Qualitative research in the study of leadership. Emerald Group Publishing Limited. Northouse, P.G., 2015.Leadership: Theory and practice. Sage publications. Odom, S.F., 2015. Undergraduate Student Perceptions of the Pedagogy Used in a Leadership Course: A Qualitative Examination.Journal of Leadership Education,14(2). Riggio, R.E., 2013. Advancing the discipline of leadership studies.Journal of Leadership Education,12(3), pp.10-14. Van Wart, M., 2013. Administrative leadership theory: A reassessment after 10 years.Public Administration,91(3), pp.521-543. Waqar, M., 2012.Leadership styles(Doctoral dissertation, Department of Physics and Applied Mathematics, Pakistan Institute of Engineering Applied Sciences).